# Overlaying Graphs

Suppose you want to show the association between two variables, say, labor force particiption of mothers and enrolment of children in public childcare (both variables are measured at the aggregate levels, i.e. as percentages). You might first create a scatterplot of the two variables, writing

scatter ccenrol lfpm

You might also think that the relationship is more or less linear and therefore you might, second, create a plot with a line fitted to the data via linear regression:

twoway lfit ccenrol lfpm

Of course, it would be nice to show both the scatterplot and the fitted line in a single diagram, as in

What this graph demonstrates is overlaying. It differs from combining graphs where several plots are stacked besides or beneath each other. There are two easy ways how overlaying can be achieved in Stata:

twoway (scatter ccenrol lfpm) (lfit ccenrol lfpm)

or, alternatively

twoway scatter ccenrol lfpm || lfit ccenrol lfpm

Note that for overlaying, at least command keyword twoway is required (graph twoway is also possible). That is, you cannot simply start with scatter. Note also that whereas lfit cannot stand alone (see the example above the graph), it need not be preceded immediately by twoway; it is enough if keyword twoway appears once at the start of the command.

Even though both diagrams have been overlaid, there are still two separate plots, and therefore any option must be 'attached' to one of the two plots (or perhaps to both), such as in:

twoway (scatter ccenrol lfpm, legend(off)) (lfit ccenrol lfpm)

Be sure to have noticed that legend(off) has been placed within the parentheses that define one of the plots. (In this instance, as in many others, it does not matter whether you choose the first or the second plot).

© W. Ludwig-Mayerhofer, Stata Guide | Last update: 28 Dec 2018